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Posts Tagged ‘Wireless’

It wasn’t all that long ago when personal computers where restricted for offices and wealthy households. Moreover, computer networks where practically unheard of in residential settings, such technology was reserved for large office buildings – things however, have progressed considerably over the years.

One of the most common methods to share a broadband connection within homes and offices today is using wireless technologies.

Although such technology has revolutionised the way people can access networks and the internet it does have a major disadvantage, one that was not prevalent with coaxial cables or the more familiar CAT5 network cable; this being security.

The technology that comprises a wireless network usually consists of a wireless router; wireless receivers (generally USB dongles or built in antennas); and in some cases one or more repeaters (if the signal needs to span an exceptionally long distance).

Once set up, the wireless router will happily start broadcasting and accepting information within a certain radius. This essentially means that your next door neighbour (or anyone in range!) could be accessing your network, and leaching your internet connection – which as well as invading your privacy could be costing you money if you have a broadband usage allowance.

So, the first line of defence is to familiarise yourself with your network and your routers configuration options, which are usually accessed via a browser window

Router manufactures tend to apply the same SSID (the networks name) and login details for all of their routers, so to begin with, changing these to something more personal is the first line of defence.

Following this you should apply some form of encryption, the popular choice being WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) and WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access), the later of which is the most secure. This involves applying a specific “key” that any computer attempting to access your router will need to input.

Lastly, possibly one of the best ways to ensure only devices of your choice have access to your router is to establish MAC filtering. MAC or Media Access Control is a unique code given to every physical network device.

Therefore, finding out the MAC code for each device in your network (this can prove difficult to the untrained so referring to the manufactures manual is recommended) and inputting only these addresses on your MAC filter list will ensure only they will have access.

In conclusion, securing your wireless broadband network is relatively easy, with a wealth of broadband sites out there offering helpful information and guides you’re never far from help. Such sites often allow you to compare broadband packages, as well as offering expert help.

Wireless security cameras are used in closed-circuit television systems (CCTV) for surveillance and monitoring. They transmit a video and audio signal to a remote receiver using radio frequencies. Most of these cameras do require wired power, although some models may use batteries or even solar power.

Analog wireless security cameras

Analog wireless cameras transmit their signal in the lower, radio frequencies of 900MHz, 2.4GHz and 5.8 GHz. Note that most of them operate over the 2.4 GHz band, the same band that a lot of household wireless appliances, such as cordless phones and video game controllers, operate on. Interference may result when using in the home.

The advantages of analog wireless security systems is they are lower cost than their digital brethren, and you can use multiple receivers.

The disadvantages are they may cause interference with other devices in the home. The transmission is not secure. the video signal quality is lower than digital, and any interference makes it worse.

900 MHz systems can be used in installations where the signal must go through drywall or even trees to reach the receiver. There is also not a lot of interference with other devices. Unfortunately there are only two channels available at 900 MHz.

2.4 GHz systems are more common, and there are 12 channels available, however, it is rare that you can find a channel that is not already in use by another wireless device.

5.8 GHz setups have a better chance of success, since there is less interference and there are 8 channels available (so you can have up to 8 cameras). The biggest challenge is the signal cannot go through many walls without lots of degradation.

Transmission Power

Lower cost 5.8 GHz systems most likely have a 10 milliwatt transmitter, which ideally can transmit to 300 feet with line of sight between the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna. This rarely happens. This is a broad generalization and conditions such as distance, weather and clear line of sight affect this greatly.

When selecting an analog wireless security camera system, make sure you find out the transmission power and determine whether this will be enough to overcome any obstacles in your system.

Digital wireless security Cameras

Digital security cameras transmit digital information over high bandwidth radio frequencies.

The major disadvantage is the cost of the system. This maybe offset by the many advantages.

Advantages of a digital system are as follows:
Long range transmission of signal with no degradation – can go 450 feet with line of sight between camera and receiver
Very high quality audio and video signals
Can have two-way communication between camera and operator
High security of the signal.

Wireless IP Security Cameras

Wireless IP cameras are now available that can connect through a local area network over IEEE 802.11b/g WiFi systems. These include 2-way audio feeds, encryption, pan, tilt control and automatic night vision. These types of cameras have replaced the older digital wireless cameras, due to prevalence of Wi-Fi networks.

With this homemade Wifi antennta, I saw a 7x increase in available access points in the video. Your results will vary. Required Materials: Wok (available at any place that sells cookware) – I got mine at the dollar store USB Extension Cable USB WiFi Adaptor (Check Newegg.com for the best deals) Hot Glue Gun Scissors or Pliers Software Used To Verify Functionality: inSSIDer, available for free at www.metageek.net Filmed with an iPhone 4G
Video Rating: 4 / 5

For most users this will be the 802.11 wireless G standard utilizing an un-secure network (like a coffee shop), WEP, WPA or WPA2 encryption standard. Some may have wireless N networks at home, if that is the case then just keep that in mind when you are looking at what types of network the card supports.First we need to identify what type of networks you will be accessing.

Budget PCMCIA WiFi
A great all purpose wireless card is the Netgear WPN511. For those on a budget you can typically find this card refurbished for plus tax and shipping. It’s a great buy, you won’t be disappointed. The WPN511 will suit most regular users with average wireless needs. Sierra Wireless MC5725 PCI-E CDMA WWAN Modem Card Original(Sierra Wireless MC5725 PCI-E CDMA WWAN Modem Card Original)
It will work with 128-bit WEP, 64-bit WEP, 40-bit WEP, WPA-PSK encryption standards. It is compatible with Windows 2000 and up and I can personally verify that is works great with most flavors of Linux (Ubuntu, Fedora, and Slax).

Expensive PCMCIA
For those not on a budget or willing to shell out extra for even more performance and flexibility, then the Super Range Xpress from Ubiquity Networks is the adapter you want. Based on the popular and high performance Atheros 5006 Chipset with an external antenna adapter, this adapter trumps all others for a balance between compatibility and extreme performance. PCI to Expansion 2-Port Serial Card Adapter( )
For the power monger, check out the Ubiquity PCMCIA solution with dual external antenna connectors, the SuperRange Cardbus. This can be useful for using diversifying antenna design for reception and transmission for very long ranges.

PCI TO 1 Port Parallel Card Adapter( )

Hey tubers; I made this video for a fellow: “jordansname” who has been having trouble finding a good Wifi hotspot during his travels, well this is my long range antenna I picked this up on eBay over a year ago, and I paid about 0 but closer to 0 with hardware, it’s a USB design, comes with a 3 ft cord (Which I extended by 30 ft for a total 33 ft, as shown), though factory sealed, I added some butyl calk to seal it even better around the edges, and unit comes with mounting holes so you can place this on a mast ~ it works great (until my open network became encrypted) so now I pay like a $ ucker to Comcast for something that was actually better free. Also I’ve had pulled signals as far as 5 houses (or more) across 2 streets thru one house & partially thru another so . The only thing I hate is that the software is a bit buggy on Windows XP & the antenna can “Crash” after 5 or 6 hrs. of use requiring a restart (& never think of unplugging while the antenna is on or you will have to reboot like 3 times) – otherwise I’m happy

Overview

The selection and deployment of access point antenna equipment affect network performance and availability. The signal strength or amount of energy radiated from an antenna has to do with antenna type and access point transmit specifications. It is expressed as effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and expressed as the sum of access point transmit power plus antenna gain minus cable loss. Cable length will increase signal attenuation or loss and should be minimized. Each antenna type will have a horizontal and vertical beam width specified. The antenna type, gain, cable length, number and mounting is all key to the design. For instance a directional antenna with high gain, no external cable, mounted at proper height will give best performance in an outside deployment with a lot of interference.

The wireless coverage cell on inside deployments can be extended with external antennas that plug into connectors on the access points. Most antennas can be mounted on the ceiling or wall and outside antennas often use a mast to increase height for line of sight.

Effective Isotropic Radiated Power = Transmit Power (dBm) + Gain (dB) – Cable Loss (dB)

Omni-Directional

Omni-directional antenna sends a horizontal radiated pattern of 360 degrees and a vertical pattern of 50 – 70 degrees from its source. From a practical perspective the pattern isn’t circular as much as being elliptical. It is a multi-homing antenna that sends signals to several clients in proximity causing some multipath fading that is minimized with antenna diversity. The gain values with 2.4 GHz antenna range from 2.2 dBi – 12 dBi. The higher gain antenna is deployed outside for the most part. Some Cisco access points have an integrated omni-directional dipole antenna or ” rubber ducky” that is standard with each device.

Directional

The directional antenna sends out a directed radiated pattern connecting with a distant antenna. The antenna purpose is to send traffic between antennas and not used for multi device homing. There are 3 specific directional antennas: Yagi, Patch and Dish. The Dish antenna has highest gain and narrowest radiation angle beam while Patch antenna has lowest gain and widest radiated beam. Gain values with 2.4 GHz antennas range from 6dBi – 21 dBi. Most antenna from this group are implemented in buildings with there is a lot of signal attenuation such as manufacturing, warehouses, and structures with a lot of steel, concrete, angled designs etc.

Diversity 

The diversity antenna implement dual antenna on the access point receiving signals on both. The access point determines what antenna has best gain and transmits on that antenna.  Diversity antennas are designed using either omni-directional, directional or dipole styles. Multipath fading occurs in buildings that have a lot of signal reflection. The signal finds multiple paths from source to destination and signal becomes distorted at receiver. This is minimized or eliminated with diversity antennas. 

External Antenna

Some Cisco access points such as 1200 series have connectors available for an external antenna. This is available with deployments in environments where the access point is at a maximum 300 feet from the wired switch or signal distortion is excessive. The external antenna with a specified coax cable of 3 – 100 feet allow for placement of the antenna at optimal positioning. Minimizing the cable length will decrease signal attenuation before transmission. Implementing the higher gain diversity patch antenna fixes the problem of clients being out of range. The company could have deployed a repeater as an alternative solution with an 1100 series access point that doesn’t support an external antenna.

Building material and structural design will contribute to signal attenuation. The following describes from best to worst building material used with walls, floors and ceilings. Steel and concrete with several feet of construction is most difficult.

• Wood

• Concrete

• Reinforced Concrete   

• Steel

Antenna Mounting

Access points should be ceiling mounted if possible at least 17 – 19 feet in height optimizing horizontal and vertical beam width. In some cases the access points will have to be mounted on the wall. Antenna mounting is important and should be implemented with instructions from the hardware installation guide. The Cisco access points utilize the standard RP-TNC 50 ohm type connector.

Outside Bridge Mounting

Companies have implemented a lot of Cisco wireless bridges that connect buildings in a campus network. The line of sight must be available or use a repeater bridge to extend the network where it isn’t available. Outside antennas deal with environmental issues and longer distances that require higher gain directional antennas. Mounting is usually with a mast or flat against a wall. Distances can extend around 250 – 500 feet or much further with higher wattage bridges, proper mounting of antenna and deploying repeaters. 

Point to point topology is implemented a lot with outside wireless deployments. Point to multipoint topology is implemented both with inside and outside wireless deployments. The root bridge or root access point in a multipoint topology is homed with traffic from several non root bridges or access points. That topology is implemented with several spoke buildings and a hub or core office that must be networked outside. The spoke offices have a point to point connection with the hub office and the hub office has a multipoint connection with all spoke offices. The hub office will implement an omni-directional antenna with a lot of beam width while spoke offices will use a directional antenna.

The inside standard access point designs won’t have a group of directional antennas. Most will implement omni-directional antennas and use directional antennas where needed as a means of addressing distances. The outside implementations for the most part imply greater distances and environmental concerns making directional antennas an effective selection. 

Cisco Wireless Network Design Guide available at amazon.com and eBookmall.com

Shaun Hummel is an author of various technical books and has a web site focused on information technology job search solutions and certifications.

http://www.networkjobsolutions.com

The film explains how a yagi antenna on the number of elements ………
Video Rating: 4 / 5

The Design Architectural Planning  to  Optimization for Wireless Technologies

 

Dr.Hari Ramakrishna

Professor, Department of CSE,

Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of technology

Gandipet -500 075, Hyderabad,

dr.hariramakrishna@rediffmail.com

K.Ravi

Asst. Professor

Dept. of Informatics

Alluri Institute of Management Sciences

kolipakaravi@yahoo.co.in

 

ABSTRACT:

The fixed/portable broadband wireless access is becoming a necessity for many residential and business subscribers worldwide. The demand is exploding as the pricing of broadband services is rapidly decreasing. The worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) technology is an integral part of the portfolio by complementing 3G/4G mobile access.

A WiMAX radio coverage simulation and analysis at different frequency bands for different demographic is presented. Furthermore, the WiMAX business models and a comparison with two enhanced third-generation (3G) technologies that are potential competitors to WiMAX are explored.

Keywords: WiMAX, Network Architecture, MIMO, IP, 1XEVDO, HSDPA/HSPA, WiFi, VoIP

1. INTRODUCTION

 

WiMAX will boost today’s fragmented broadband wireless access market and mobile WiMAX promises to offer a solution to closing the existing digital divide. WiMAX can address the fixed wireless access and portable Internet market, complementing other broadband wireless technologies. Government initiatives to reduce the digital divide are making gains for broadband wireless countries such as Australia, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States have programs in place today, and there has been a push by the European Commission for more flexible spectrum policies.

 

WiMAX access can be easily integrated within both fixed and mobile architectures, enabling operators to integrate it within a single converged core network, thereby providing new capabilities for a user-centric broadband world.

 

WiMAX addresses the following needs which may answer the question of closing the digital divide [1]:

 

Ø       Cost effective

Ø       Offers high data rates

Ø       Supports fixed, nomadic, and mobile applications thereby converging the fixed and mobile networks

Ø       Easy to deploy and has flexible network architectures

Ø       Supports interoperability with other networks

Ø       Aimed at being the first truly a global wireless broadband network

 

WiMAX is a standard that is championed by the WiMAX forum which was formed in June 2001

to promote conformance to IEEE 802.16 standard. The WiMAX forum currently has more than 470 members comprising the majority of operators, component, and equipment companies in the communications ecosystem. The WiMAX forum promotes interoperability by working closely with IEEE and other standards groups such as the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) which have their own versions of broadband wireless. Along these lines, the WiMAX forum works closely with service providers and regulators to ensure that WiMAX forum certified systems meet customer and government requirements.

 

2. WIMAX NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

 

The mobile WiMAX end-to-end network architecture is based on an All-Internet Protocol (IP) platform, all packet technology, and no circuit switch telephony. The end-to-end architecture makes the greatest possible use of IETF and IEEE standards and protocols along with the adoption of commonly available standard equipment.

 

The open IP architecture gives network operators great flexibility when selecting solutions that work with legacy networks or that use the most advanced technologies, and in determining what functionality they want their network to support. They can choose from a vertically integrated vendor that provides a turnkey solution or they can pick and choose from a dense ecosystem of best-of-breed players with amore narrow focus. The architecture allows modularity and flexibility to accommodate a broad range of deployment options such as small scale to large scale, urban, suburban, and rural coverage, mesh topologies, flat, hierarchical and their variant, and finally, coexistences of fixed, nomadic portable and mobile usage models [4].

 

The WiMAX network supports the following key functions:

 

Ø       All-IP access and core service networks

Ø       Support for fixed, nomadic, and mobile access

Ø       Interoperability with existing networks via internetworking functions

Ø       Open interfaces between ASNs and between the ASN and the CSN

Ø       Support for differential quality of service (QoS) depending on the application

Ø       Unbundling of the access, core, and application service networks

 

 

FIGURE 1: WiMAX Network Architecture.

 

2.1 ACCESS SERVICESNETWORK

The ASN is the access network of WiMAX and it provides the interface between the user and the core service network. Mandatory functions as defined by the WiMAX forum include the following:

 

Ø       Handover

Ø       Authentication through the proxy authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server

Ø       Radio resource management

Ø       Interoperability with other ASN’s

Ø       Relay of functionality between CSN and mobile station (MS), e.g., IP address allocation

 

Base station (BS): The cell equipment comprises the basic BS equipment, radio equipment, and BS link to the backbone network. The BS is what actually provides the interface between the mobile user and the WiMAX network. The coverage radius of a typical BS in urban areas is around 500–900m [6]. In rural areas the operators are planning cells with a radius of 4 km. This is quite a realistic number now and quite similar to the coverage areas of GSM and UMTS high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) BSs today.

 

Deployment is driven either by the bandwidth required to meet demand, or by the geographic coverage required to cover the area. Based on the cell planning of other previous technologies, urban and suburban segments cell deployment will likely be driven by capacity. Rural segment deployment will likely be driven by the cell radius. For BTS systems, the emphasis is more on performance than on cost and size, although there still is an interest in low cost because WiMAX is a new deployment.

 

2.2 CORE SERVICESNETWORK

The CSN is the transport, authentication, and switching part of the network. It represents the core network in WiMAX. It consists of the home agent (HA) and the AAA system and also contains the IP servers, gateways to other networks, i.e., public switched telephone network (PSTN), and 3G.

 

 

WiMAX has five main open interfaces which include reference points R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 interface [7]. The R1 interface interconnects the subscriber to the BS in the ASN and is the air interface defined on the physical layer and Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer. The R2 is the logical interface between the mobile subscriber and the CSN. It is associated with authorization, IP host configuration management, services management, and mobility management. The R3 is the interface between the ASN and CSN and supports AAA, policy enforcement, and mobility management capabilities. The R4 is an interface between two ASNs. It is mainly concerned with coordinating mobility of MSs between different ASNs. The R5 is an interface between two CSNs and is concerned with internetworking between two CSNs. It is through this interface that activities such as roaming are carried out.

 

3 TECHNOLOGIES EMPLOYED BY WiMAX

Mobile WiMAX operates in licensed frequency bands in the range of 2 to 6MHz. The technologies employed by mobile WiMAX include the following:

 

Ø       Scalable orthogonal frequency division multiple access (SOFDMA) on the physical layer

Ø       MIMO

Ø       IP

Ø       Adaptive antenna systems (AAS)

Ø       Adaptive modulation schemes (AMS)

Ø       Advanced encryption standard (AES) encryption

 

3.1 PHYSICAL LAYER

Mobile WiMAX will initially operate in the 2.3, 2.5, 3.3, and 3.4–3.8GHz spectrum bands [8] using SOFDMA. OFDMA is perhaps the most important technology associated with WiMAX. SOFDMA is based on OFDMA which in turn is based on OFDM [9]. OFDM is a form of frequency division multiplexing, but it has higher spectral efficiency and resistance to multi path fading and path loss compared to other multiplexing methods. It divides the allocated frequency spectrum into sub carriers which are at right angles to each other.

 

This reduces the possibility of cross-channel interference thereby allowing the sub carriers to overlap. This reduces the amount of frequency spectrum required, hence the high spectral efficiency. The reduced data rate of each stream reduces the possibility of inter symbol interference because there is more time between the arrival of symbols from different paths. This feature of OFDM makes it resistant to multi path fading and ideal for online of sight (NLOS) applications. In OFDMA each frequency sub carrier is divided into sub channels which can be accessed by multiple users hence increasing the capacity of OFDM [10].

 

3.2 MAC SUBLAYER

The 802.16 MAC sublayer uses a scheduling algorithm for which the subscriber station only needs to compete for initial entry into the network. The scheduling algorithm also allows the BS to control QoS parameters by balancing the time-slot assignments among the application needs of the subscriber stations.

 

WiMAX supports QoS differentiation for different types of applications. The 802.16 standard defines the following types of services [12]:

 

Ø       Unsolicited grant services (UGS): UGS is designed to support constant bit rate (CBR) services, such as T1/E1 emulation, and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) without silence suppression.

Ø       Real-time polling services (rtPS): rtPS is designed to support real-time services that generate variable size data packets on a periodic basis, such as MPEG video or VoIP with silence suppression.

Ø       Nonreal-time polling services (nrtPS): nrtPS is designed to support nonreal-time services that require variable size data grant burst types on a regular basis.

Ø       Best effort (BE) services: BE services are typically provided by the Internet today forWeb surfing.

 

4 NETWORK DIMENSIONING AND DESIGN

Designing, deploying, and managing any wireless cellular system requires clear objectives to be identified from the outset. These includes definition of the footprint coverage, the estimated number of users, the traffic load distribution, the penetration and growth rate, and inter network access and roaming. Mobile WiMAX, which will be deployed like 2G and 3G cellular networks, supports fractional frequency. Fractional frequency reuse takes advantage of the fact that mobile WiMAX user transmit on sub channels and does not occupy an entire channel such as in 3G.

 

The objective of the radio network dimensioning and design activity is to estimate the number of sites required to provide coverage and capacity for the targeted service areas and subscriber forecast. This process is based on many assumption such as uniform distribution of subscribers, homogenous morphology and ideal site location. The main inputs required for network dimensioning are site equipment-specific parameters, marketing-specific parameters, and licenses regulation and propagation models [13]. Figure 2 shows the flow chart of activities performed in network design and planning, starting from data collection of marketing and design requirement input and achieving the business model to provide a nominal site plan using a network simulation software.

 

 

 

 

FIGURE 2: THE CELL PLANNING PROCESS.

 

Mobile WiMAX is designed to complement existing 2G/3G access technologies with an “Always Best Connected” experience with voice and data connections. There is a large range of possible scenarios for the deployment of mobile WiMAX, but main four categories are [14]

 

Ø       Fixed and mobile operator with enhanced data for GSM evolution (EDGE)/3G who uses mobile WiMAX as a complementary extension for data services

Ø       Mobile only operator with EDGE/3G who uses mobile WiMAX as a complementary extension for data services

Ø       Fixed operator who uses mobile WiMAX to compete with 3G operators for data and voice services

Ø       New entrant who uses mobile WiMAX to move into mobile market—threat to incumbent mobile operator.

5. COMPARISON WITH COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES

At some point current 2G and 3Gnetwork operators will migrate to a 4G network technology. Mobile WiMAX is likely to face competition from 3G and 4G technology enhancements. They include the code division multiple access (CDMA) variants CDMA2000 and wideband-CDMA (WCDMA) and their enhancements which are 1x evolution data optimized (1xEVDO) and HSDPA, respectively. Unlike in the early days of the CDMA vs. GSM competition, this higher generation competition will be quite different and fruitful because for these new generations networks; the applications are separated and do not depend on each other. 4G networks will go far beyond 2G and 3G by mainly improving three parameters:

 

Interface technology: 4G standards will make a radical change and will use OFDM [9]. The new modulation itself will not automatically bring an increase in speed but very much simplifies the following two enhancements: • Channel bandwidth: 4G systems will use a bandwidth of up to 20MHz, i.e., the channel offers four times more bandwidth than channels of current systems. As 20MHz channels might not be available everywhere, most 4G systems will be scalable, e.g., in steps of 1.25 MHz. It can therefore be expected that 4G channel sizes will range from 5 to 20 MHz. • MIMO: The idea of MIMO is to use the multi path phenomena. Although this behavior is often not desired, MIMO makes active use of it by using several antennas at the sender and receiver side, which allows the exchange of multiple data streams, each over a single individual wave front. Two or even four antennas are foreseen to be used in a device. How well this works is still to be determined in practice but it is likely that MIMO can increase throughput by a factor of two in urban environments.

 

Increasing channel size and using MIMO will increase throughput by about 8–10 times. Thus speeds of 40 Mbps per sector of a cell are thus possible. Using a commonly accepted evaluation methodology for 3G systems, mobile WiMAX has been simulated against the 3G enhancements.

 

These simulations have shown that

 

Ø       Mobile WiMAX peak data rates are up to 5x better than 3G+ technologies.

Ø       Mobile WiMAX spectral efficiency is 3x better than any 3G+ technology.

Ø       Lower equipment cost for WiMAX due to certified products (compare with WiFi).

Ø       WiMAX requires new infrastructure while high-speed packet access (HSPA) rides on UMTS.

Ø       Roughly the same coverage (average ?5 km).

Ø       Roughly the same performance (average ?2Mbps per user).

Ø       HSDPA launched in 2006 while HSUPA will come in 2008.

Ø       WiMAX standard set end of 2005 and first products in 2006.

Ø       HSPA has a higher acceptance with mobile operator.

 

5.1 1XEVDO

This standard is developed by the third generation partnership project 2 (3GPP2), the body responsible for CDMA and EVDO. 1xEVDO is an enhanced version of CDMA2000-1x. There are four versions that have been released, namely, Rev. 0, Rev. A, Rev. B, and Rev. C. 1xEVDO is a high-speed data only specification for 1.25MHz frequency division duplex (FDD) channels with a peak downlink (DL) data rate of 2.4 Mbps. Improvements to CDMA2000-1x in the 1xEVDO Rev. 0 specification include [9]:

 

Ø       DL channel is changed from code division multiplexing (CDM) to time division multiplexing (TDM) to allow full transmission power to a single user.

Ø       DL power control is replaced by closed-loop DL rate adaptation.

Ø       Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC).

Ø       HARQ.

Ø       Fast DL scheduling.

Ø       Soft handoff is replaced by a more bandwidth efficient “virtual” soft handoff.

1xEVDO Rev. 0, however, was designed to support only packet data services and not conversational services. In 1xEVDO Rev. A and EVDO Rev. C (also dubbed DORC), additional enhancements were added to the 1xEVDO specification. They include the following [8]:

 

DL: Smaller packet sizes, higher DL peak data rate (up to 3.1Mbps), and multiplexing packets from multiple users in the MAC layer.

 

Uplink (UL): Support of HARQ, AMC, higher peak rates of 1.8 Mbps, and smaller frame size

 

5.2 HSDPA/HSPA

The WCDMA specification was enhanced to create the high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) and then HSPA specifications. The enhancements in HSDPA include AMC, multi code operation, HARQ, higher DL peak rates (up to 14 Mbps), and decentralized architecture where scheduling functions are moved from the radio network controller (RNC) to Node-B, thus reducing latency and enabling fast scheduling.

 

HSPA adds enhancement to the UL of the WCDMA specifications. In Ref. [9] a quantitative comparison of mobile WiMAX, 1xEVDO, and HSPA system performance was conducted based on the commonly accepted 1xEVDV evaluation criterion. The mobile WiMAX system configuration was based on the WiMAX forum baseline minimum configuration. Table 1 illustrates a comparison of mobile WiMAX with 3G enhancements.

 

These technologies, i.e., EVDO, HSPDA, and mobile WiMAX have several performance enhancing features in common as follows:

 

Ø       AMC

Ø       HARQ

Ø       Fast scheduling

Ø       Bandwidth efficient handoff

 

 

Table 1 : Comparison of mobile WiMAX with 3g enhancements

 

5.3 WIFI

WiMAX is different from WiFi in many respects. The WiFi MAC layer uses contention access. This causes users to compete for data throughput to the access point. WiFi also has problems with distance, interference, and throughput and that is why triple play (voice, data, video) technologies cannot be hosted on traditional WiFi. In contrast, 802.16 uses a scheduling algorithm. This algorithm allows the user to only compete once for the access point.

 

This gives WiMAX inherent advantages in throughput, latency, spectral efficiency, and advanced antenna support. Companies developing radical innovations may adopt different stances not only based on the strategic interests of the company but also by taking into other considerations such as the market and its needs and requirements, as well as other products it may carry. When comparing WiFi and WiMAX, one is comparing their substitutability and complementary to existing technologies and how different companies have and will view them. WiMAX and WiFi can offer some potentially significant cost savings for mobile network operators by providing an alternate means to backhaul BS traffic from cell site to the BS controllers. Mobile network operators typically utilize some type of wired infrastructure that they must buy from an incumbent operator. A WiFi or WiMAX mesh can offer a much more cost-effective backhaul capability for BSs in metropolitan environments.

 

Using WiFi and WiMAX open broadband wireless standards and implementing mobile computing, governments and partners can quickly and cost-effectively deploy broadband to areas not currently served, with little or no disruption to existing infrastructures. Standards-compliant WLANs and proprietary WiFi mesh infrastructures are being installed rapidly and widely throughout the world. Standards-compliant WiMAX products can provide NLOS backhaul solutions for these local networks and WiMAX subscriber stations can currently provide Internet access to customers such as schools and other educational institutions and campuses.

 

The results of the comparison show that mobile WiMAX has better performance in all the areas listed above (where it shares performance-enhancing features with EVDO and HSDPA/HSPA). Furthermore, the technologies on which mobile WiMAX is based result in lower equipment complexity and simpler mobility management due to the all-IP core network.

 

They also provide mobile WiMAX systems with many other advantages over CDMA-based systems such as

 

Ø       Tolerance to multi path and self-interference

Ø       Scalable channel bandwidth

Ø       Orthogonal UL multiple access

Ø       Support for spectrally-efficient TDD

Ø       Frequency-selective scheduling

Table 2: Summary of WiMAX Applications

 

6. APPLICATIONS

The WiMAX standard has been developed to address a wide range of applications. Based on its technical attributes and service classes, WiMAX is suited to supporting a large number of usage scenarios. Table 12.3 address a wide range of applications

 

6.1 VOIP AND IP

Mobile WiMAX is an all-IP network. The use of OFDMA on the physical layer makes it capable of supporting IP applications. It is a wireless solution that not only offers competitive Internet access, but it can do the same for telephone service.

VoIP offers a wider range of voice services at reduced cost to subscribers and service providers alike. VoIP is expected to be one of the most popular WiMAX applications. Its value proposition is immediate to most users. Although WiMAX is not designed for switched cellular voice traffic as cellular technologies as are CDMA and WCDMA, it will provide full support for VoIP traffic because of QoS functionality and low latency. IPTV enables a WiMAX service provider to offer the same programming as cable or satellite TV service providers. IPTV, depending on compression algorithms requires at least 1 Mbps of bandwidth between the WiMAX BS and the subscriber. In addition to IPTV programming, the service provider can also offer a variety of video on demand (VoD) services. IPTV over WiMAX also enables the service provider to offer local programming as well as revenue generating local advertising.

7. BENEFITS OF WiMAX

The WiMAX solution reflects the general trend in the communications industry toward unified packet-based voice and data networks. Fundamental benefits of this transition are reduced operation cost, improved network optimization, and better management of changes. The followings are some of the benefits of WiMAX.

 

Ø       Wireless. By using a WiMAX system, companies/residents no longer have to rip up buildings or streets or lay down expensive cables.

Ø       High bandwidth: WiMAX can provide shared data rates of up to 70 Mbps. This is enough bandwidth to support more than 60 businesses at once with T1-type connectivity. It can also support over a thousand homes at 1-Mbps DSL-level connectivity. Also, there will be a reduction in latency for all WiMAX communications.

Ø       Long range. The most significant benefit of WiMAX compared to existing wireless technologies is the range. WiMAX has a communication range of up to 40 km

Ø       Multi-application: WiMAX uses the IP and is therefore capable of efficiently supporting all multimedia services from VoIP to high speed Internet and video transmission. It also supports a differentiated QoS enabling it to offer dynamic bandwidth allocation for different service types. WiMAX has the capacity to deliver services from households to small and medium enterprises, small office home office (SOHO), cybercafés, multimedia Tele-centers, schools and hospitals.

Ø       Flexible Architecture: WiMAX supports several systems architectures, including point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, and ubiquitous coverage.

Ø       High security: The security of WiMAX is state of the art. WiMAX supports advanced encryption standard triple data encryption standard. WiMAX also has built-in VLAN support, which provides protection for data that is being transmitted by different users on the same BS. Both variants use privacy key management (PKM) for authentication between BS and SS station. WiMAX offers strong security measures to thwart a wide variety of security threats.

Ø       QoS. WiMAX can be dynamically optimized for a mix of traffic that is being carried. Multilevel service. QoS is delivered generally based on the service-level agreement between the end user and the service provider.

Ø       Interoperability. WiMAX is based on international, vendor-neutral standard. This protects the early investment of an operator because it can select the equipments from different vendors.

Ø       Low cost and quick deployment. WiMAX requires little or no external plant construction compared with the deployment of wired solutions. BSs will cost under ,000 but will still provide customers with T1-class connections [29].

Ø       Worldwide standardization. WiMAX is developed and supported by the WiMAX forum (more than 470 members). The WiMAX forum collaborates with different international standards organizations that are developing broadband wireless standards with the intent to provide interoperability among the standards. Some of the other broad band wireless standards include Hiper MAN/HiperLAN (Europe) and WiBRO (South Korea). These standards are compatible with WiMAX at the physical layer. WiMAX will become a truly global technology-based standard for broadband and will guaranty interoperability, reliability, and evolving technology and will ensure equipment with very low cost.

 

8. DRAWBACKS OF WiMAX

The most significant challenge is that WiMAX is a new technology with emerging support. Hesitancy. Companies are very hesitant of setting up WiMAX BSs today because it has not yet reached widespread use. Intel has made their Centrino laptop processors WiMAX enabled.

 

Exclusion of start-up companies. Even though cost provides a low barrier to entry, none of the start-up companies are projected to be major players in the development of WiMAX. Intel and Cisco seem to have an obvious advantage today, and by the time it reaches widespread use, large operators will find WiMAX to be a very attractive new way of raising revenues.

 

9. CONCLUSION

 

The combination of both advanced radio features and flexible end-to-end architecture makes WiMAX attractive solution for diverse operators. It provides many different services on one network, services which required different networks in the past. It also provides convergence of fixed and mobile networks. It provides high speed access to the subscriber at a reasonable cost, thereby enabling the service provider to make a profit from the technology, using economies of scale. It offers the advantage of reduced total cost of ownership during the lifetime of a network deployment. Standalone WiMAX networks are certainly feasible, but in most cases operators as an extension to their existing networks will adopt WiMAX access technology. This allows operators to make the most of their existing infrastructure such as BS sites, and IP service infrastructure for service and related AAA and billing systems.

 

In regard to WiMAX planning and cell design, the radio enhancement feature applicable to fixed and mobile WiMAX compensate for the extra attenuation resulting from higher carrier frequency, larger transmission bandwidth, and deep indoor penetration. WiMAX is expected to take prominence in about five years (2012).The strengths of WiMAX lie in its ability to address the requirements of modern telecommunications networks and the commitment that has been shown to its development and wide acceptance by a number of leading equipment vendors and service providers. The biggest challenges to deploying WiMAX-based services do not stem very much from the spectrum, but from business case issues.

 

10. REFERENCES

[1] G. Smyth, Wireless Technologies and e-learning: Bridging the digital divide, Intel Corporation, December 2006.

 

[2] G. Cayla, S. Cohen, and D. Guigon,WiMAX an efficient tool to bridge the digital divide,WiMAX Forum, November 2005, p. 2.

 

[3] S. Rahman and M. Pipattanasomporn, Alternate technologies for telecommunications and internet access in remote locations. In Proceedings of 2002 3rd Mediterranean Conference and Exhibition on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion, Greece, November 2002.

 

[4] L. Bai, Analysis of the market for WiMAX services, Thesis, Lyngby, Denmark, May 2007.

 

[5] P. Yegani, Cisco Systems white paper,WiMAX Overview, IETF-64 November 7–11, Vancouver, Canada, 2005, p. 4.

 

[6] B. Puzzolante, G. Redaelli, andG.Grazia, Nationwide implementation of aWiMAXmobile access network at CEFRIEL, STEM, 2006.

 

[7] L. Nuaymi, WiMAX Technology for Broadband and Wireless Access, John Wiley, New York, 2007.

 

[8] M. Paolini, Mobile WiMAX: The best personal broadband experience! WiMAX forum, June 2006. pp. .

 

[9] Flarion, OFDM for mobile data communication, August 2004.

 

[10] G. Parsaee and A. Yarali,OFDMA for the 4th generation cellular networks, (CCECE 2004), Niagara Falls, Canada, May 2–5, 2004.

 

[11] A. Salvekar, S. Sumeet, L. Qinghua, V. Minh-Anh, and Q. Xiaoshu, Multiple-antenna technology in WiMAX systems, Intel Technology Journal, 8(3), 235, August 20, 2004.

 

[12] G. Nair, J. Chou, T. Madejski, K. Perycz, D. Putzolu, and J. Sydir, IEEE 802.16 medium access  control and service provisioning, Intel Technology Journal, 8(3), 217, August 20, 2004.

 

[13] B. Upase, M. Hunukumbure, and S. Vadagana, Radio network dimensioning and planning for WiMAX networks, Fujitsu Sci. Tech. J. 43(4), 435–450, October 2007.

 

[14] White paper, A comparative analysis of mobile WiMAX deployment alternatives in the access networks, WiMAX forum, May 2007.

 

[15] White Paper, IEEE 802.16a Standard and WiMAX igniting broadband wireless access, WiMAX forum, 2003.

 

 

The speed of the wireless network card, you know, IEEE802.11b products maximum data transfer rate of 11Mb / s, when the radio conditions deteriorate, the data transfer rate can be reduced to 5.5Mb / s, 2Mb / s and 1Mb / s, Supported range is in the outdoor 300 meters, in the office environment for up to 100 meters. Although the transmission speed IEEE802.11b products in general, but has been able to meet the requirements of broadband Internet access, the most important is that these products are cheap, so price-conscious student friends can also be the first of such products into the wireless network to say. It can be seen as IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g high-speed version, in order to achieve 54Mb / s transmission speed, 802.11g and 11b of different uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation method, which supports 54Mbps transmission rate. Students in the pursuit of the mainstream friends can optimize 802.11g or informal 802.11g + (108Mbps) products.

MiniPCI and more miniaturized MiniPCI Express wireless card is similar to notebook computers SO-DIMM memory card, compact and flexible. MiniPCI interface is a desktop based on the PCI interface for expansion out of the interface standard notebook. The wireless mini card with wifi+bluetooth itself does not integrated antenna, relying on preset in notebook computers in the antenna body to obtain the signal, so long as there is on a laptop MiniPCI slots and preset antenna or preset positions of the antennas will be able to easily upgrade card for wireless network card. Now  you can get it on :http://www.espow.com/wholesale-54m-wireless-mini-pci-e-lan-network-card-wifi-bluetooth.html.

Description:

RF module sensitivity : -85dbm at 0.1% Bit Error Rate (BER) Security : encrypted link, authentication Bluetooth profiles support includes: Suppor VOIP WIFI Function 2.4GHz ISM band, unlicensed operation IEEE 802.11B/G standard compliant Support of 64/128-bit WEP encryption and WPA2 Operating Frequency / Channel: 2.4-2.47GHz Emission type : Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Technology RF Output Power: 802.11g 54M OFDM@25`C, 14dBm Data Rate?°802.11b: 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps802.11g: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbp Range: Indoors: Up to 328 feet (100 meters)

Plans to improve the wireless Internet at work or at home? If you then surely need a Wi-Fi router of confidence and expansion. With a WiFi connection is more convenient to run in comparison with a wire from PC to PC. With a WiFi connection, you can access the Internet and check your e-mail using a laptop or a smartphone. However, if you believe that wireless is not equal, then there are some things to be done to accelerate.

WiFi wireless repeater or range expander function increasing or amplify the signal from the wireless router so that it can be aa much larger place is reached. Typically, only the signals from wireless router somewhere between 100-150 meters. This is fine as long as they can be used in a small town, but will not work when used on a campus or a wide area.

In particular, the WiFi router capture radio waves from antennas on the router and converts them into meaningful data that the PC can read. Wireless repeaters work releasing the radio frequency through the router and then bounce back or redo them in the rest of the room.

An excellent attribute for Range Expander is that they need people to add an Ethernet cable. This will greatly help but annoying wires running from room to room. All requirements will be performed on them to be able to identify the wireless signal from the router and can improve the proper functioning of these signals away.

Range Extender be seen as directional antennas. Factor Range Extender is nice about the fact that they are omni-directional antenna or applied. It works by bouncing the signal from the router to other Wi-Fi devices placed in remote locations, the signal can be found as well.

Increase speed and wireless coverage at home or at work should not be difficult anymore. All you need is a reliable WiFi Range Extender or repeater is to ensure that every room is transformed in a WiFi hotspot. These types of extensions normally cost close to $ 50-100 depending on quality and brand of the producer.

As you know, to achieve desktop and notebook computers “wireless”, as long as desktop and notebook computers have a wireless card on-line ,2-n wireless network adapter card can be composed of blocks of a multi-agency into the Ad-Hoc Wireless peer networks to achieve Networking playing games and sharing online.

Currently at the university campus, the hotel coffee shop, individual user groups, etc. that exist in wireless hot spots (wireless access points, generally 1-n wireless AP or wireless routers), which allows you to have the PC with wireless  adapter anytime, anywhere easy access to Internet. Therefore, in the new semester want their own computer “cable network + wireless network” taking into account student friend, use the wireless LAN network can be easy to achieve all-round access, wireless network card has a lot of students started to become standard equipment on laptops friends .

Wireless Network Adapter Card Categories:

Currently on the market based on usage and demand for wireless cards into PCMCIA wireless network adapter, PCI wireless network card, USB wireless network card, Mini PCI wireless card, CF card and other types . PCMCIA wireless card which only applies to laptop computers, hot-swappable; PCI wireless cards for ordinary desktop use; USB interface to the wireless network card applies to both notebooks and desktop machines, hot-swappable; Mini PCI wireless card only in notebook computers, Mini PCI special interface for notebook PCs; CF card wireless network card for Pocket PC (PDA).

The speed of the wireless network adapter card, you know, IEEE802.11b products maximum data transfer rate of 11Mb / s, when the radio conditions deteriorate, the data transfer rate can be reduced to 5.5Mb / s, 2Mb / s and 1Mb / s, Supported range is in the outdoor 300 meters, in the office environment for up to 100 meters. Although the transmission speed IEEE802.11b products in general, but has been able to meet the requirements of broadband Internet access, the most important is that these products are cheap, so price-conscious student friends can also be the first of such products into the wireless network to say. It can be seen as IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g high-speed version, in order to achieve 54Mb / s transmission speed, 802.11g and 11b of different uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation method, which supports 54Mbps transmission rate. Students in the pursuit of the mainstream friends can optimize 802.11g or informal 802.11g + (108Mbps) products.

Bluetooth WiFi Wireless PCI Card

PCI (peripheral component interconnect) interface is a desktop standard interface on the motherboard, based on a 32-bit data bus operating frequency is 33MHz, per second data transfer rate of up to 132MB (32 * 33MHz / 8), PCI interface, the transmission of Performance has been able to play 802.11g + 108Mbps wireless card performance. PCI interface, a bluetooth wifi wireless pci card is that most desktop computer users to upgrade to a wireless network a better choice. You can also get more details on :http://www.espow.com/wholesale-2-in-1-bluetooth-wifi-32-bit-pci-network-card.html.

Wireless Mini Network Card WiFi Bluetooth

MiniPCI and more miniaturized MiniPCI Express wireless card is similar to notebook computers SO-DIMM memory card, compact and flexible. MiniPCI interface is a desktop based on the PCI interface for expansion out of the interface standard notebook. The wireless mini card wifi bluetooth itself does not integrated antenna, relying on preset in notebook computers in the antenna body to obtain the signal, so long as there is on a laptop MiniPCI slots and preset antenna or preset positions of the antennas will be able to easily upgrade card for wireless network card. You can also get more details on:http://www.espow.com/wholesale-54m-wireless-mini-pci-e-lan-network-card-wifi-bluetooth.html

Wireless USB network Adapter

USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface is currently the mainstream of the computer interface, both in desktop and notebook computers it as standard. USB Wireless LAN hot-swappable, making the connection and data transmission is like a mobile device, you can pull between multiple computers to pulling out, is very convenient to use. For the same time, with more than one desktop or notebook computer users to purchase several pieces of USB interface, as long as the wireless usb network adapter can be based on usage required to meet the needs of more than this computer. You can also get more details on:http://www.espow.com/wholesale-wifi-and-bluetooth-usb-adapter-802-11g-wireless-internet.html

Wireless PCMCIA/PC Network Card

PC Card (PCMCIA) is a kind of notebook-use interface, PCMCIA with Type I, Type II, Type III are three different types of products, its length and width are 85.6 * 54mm, but differ in thickness, which generally compatible with the former, the contrary is not always the case.Not like early 16-bit PC card is, the current wireless PCMCIA LAN cards are used in 32-bit PCMCIA, also known as CardBus. CardBus capable of 32-bit data transmission and 33MHz operation, its backward-compatible 16-bit PC cards, PC cards can be bus-independent so that independent of the main CPU, and the direct exchange of data between the computer’s memory, so that CPU can handle other tasks . CardBus wireless card close to the maximum throughput of 90Mbps, has been able to basically meet the demand for 108Mbps wireless card. For there is no built-in network card or wireless network card for notebook computer users, PCMCIA interface, the wireless network card is that they easily upgrade to a wireless network a good choice.

At last?hope that what I’ve said could be of some help to you.

Up until recently, consumer wireless router technology was unable to keep up with the demand for wireless media streaming or high capacity long wireless network. While watching your favorite back-episode of Heroes, the video feed might periodically stop to buffer more data. In the middle of a relaxing Sunday afternoon, your wireless streaming music slows down and, eventually, drops out. And, sometimes the signal is completely unattainable, making it impossible to watch an interesting podcast or hold an important video conference.

Luckily, a new breed of wireless routers has appeared on the market. Using the new 802.11n platform, these long range routers exceed the performance standards of the older 802.11 a/b or g technologies. These models deliver transmissions up to 6x faster than even the newest of the g routers. Specifically, the 802.11n wireless routers are able to perform at a rate up to 300mbps (megabits per second) versus the previous 54mbps (megabits per second). Faster speed means faster buffering, and smoother wireless video streaming. In the nutshell, speed of wireless router is totally proportional to the wireless video streaming and buffering. People can also use long range wireless network within or outside of the home with EnGenius’ Long-Range’ products like smart antennas, range extenders etc.

Leading these new routers is the EnGenius long-range wireless multimedia router: ESR-9750G. Since 1999, EnGenius Technologies has been developing wireless communication products for the business market. Using their expertise in that high-volume digital environment, the engineers have created a consumer wireless router that can easily handle the demand for home wireless streaming media. These long range wireless routers promise high speed with flaw less flow of data to satisfy your ever surging demand for the speed and streaming media.

The EnGenius ESR-9750G uses the new 802.11n standard technology, which allows the device to operate at those remarkably faster speeds. And, like most of the new wireless routers, the EnGenius model can communicate on the 40 MHz bandwidth channel, which has the ability to carry double the data as the commonly used 20 MHz bandwidth. With the ESR-9750G, you can even set the router to auto select the bandwidth channel for optimal performance.

Aware of the poor reliability of home wireless routers, the engineers at EnGenius capitalized on their expertise by making a few powerful additions to the basic 802.11n technology.   Specifically, the ESR-9750G has three standard upgradeable Smart Antennas with MIMO (Multiple In, Multiple Out) Technology, a Universal Repeater feature (also known as a wireless range extender) and QoS (Quality of Service).  This wireless range extender accepts the signals to throws them at the rapid fire rate using the access points.

To ensure uninterrupted communication, the ESR-9750G has three smart antennas using MIMO Technology. These smart antennas are able to mediate the transmissions between wireless devices and the ESR router. Even with multiple communications, the antennas are able to prioritize throughput to ensure smooth streaming results. The smart antennas are compatible and can ensure accurate streaming results.

If you are listening to wireless streaming music with Vista, and your roommate is playing World of Warcraft on his own wireless laptop, the smart antennas will act as digital “traffic cops” preventing one signal from interfering with the other. While the MIMO Technology is not unique to the ESR models, most routers in its class have only two antennas. More wireless antennas and wireless range extender result in a better streaming experience since more data can be handled at one time.

Also unique to the ESR models is something called the Universal Repeater Feature (also known as a wireless range extender); this feature increases the range of wireless communication by redistributing an existing wireless signal. The EnGenius’s Wireless Range Extender is the easy way to increase the effective coverage of your wireless network. Unlike adding a traditional access point to your network to expand wireless coverage, the EnGenius’s Wireless Range Extender does not need to be connected to the network by a data cable. Just put it within range of your main access point or wireless router, and it “bounces” the signals out to remote wireless devices. Dead spots are virtually eliminated since the device is able to send out a beacon to all corners of your home. So if the wireless router is in a home office in the basement, Mom can still watch home videos over YouTube on her laptop from the comfort of her bedroom.

And, if your home is particularly large, or you just want the added assurance of uninterrupted wireless streaming media, EnGenius has made their antennas detachable and upgradeable. Such antennas are router friendly also. You can purchase a more powerful set that further increases the range and sensitivity of your router.

In addition to efficient wireless communication, the new 802.11n routers improve performance for all your networked devices – including VoIP, network attached storage and, of course, wireless gaming systems. With QoS (Quality of Service) Technology, the wireless router is able to prioritize all forms of digital communication. As expected, the EnGenius models use QoS, making them a very friendly addition to homes with multiple networked devices and intensive use of digital streaming media.
While there are many limiting factors affecting the quality of your wireless streaming media experience, your router no longer needs to be one of them. No, you cannot change the speed or effectiveness of your service provider. And you cannot change the number of people downloading the same HD video at the same time. However, you can change the strength and performance of your home wireless network, simply by upgrading to an ESR-9750G wireless router or through wireless range extender. Eliminate the headaches and give yourself an optimal environment for all your wireless streaming media – from digital music and videos, to games and beyond.

a 12+ db gain wifi antenna long range for sharing wifi and internet get a 18db anttena here(better then this one!) www.dealextreme.com found a amp here www.dealextreme.com
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